Abstract
Bulgarian rose oil is a unique high-value product with deep cultural, economic, and ecological significance. Besides its paramount importance as a fragrance ingredient in the perfume industry this study also explores its role as an embedded element in regional food systems, linking traditional practices, cultural heritage, and modern economic development. A mixed-methods approach was used, including literature review, field surveys, and interviews with key stakeholders as well as an analysis of national and international market trends. Findings indicate that rose oil production is deeply rooted in the Rose Valley region of Bulgaria, with climate, soil, and traditional methods contributing to the distinctive quality of the oil. The sector provides substantial economic benefits by supporting rural employment, small and medium enterprises, and international exports. Regulatory frameworks, particularly the Bulgarian Rose Act, ensure quality control, traceability, and sustainability across both cosmetic and food products derived from rose processing. Moreover, family run operations and long-standing traditions promote social cohesion and the preservation of local knowledge. This paper highlights the dual role of rose oil as a cultural and economic asset, emphasizing its potential for innovation in sustainable food systems. Strategies integrating heritage preservation, market expansion, and regulatory support are essential for maintaining competitiveness and environmental stewardship. The study underlines the importance Bulgarian rose oil and other flower components also as a model for an embedded food system that harmonizes tradition, sustainability, and economic development.
Keywords: Bulgarian rose oil, circular economy, cultural heritage, embedded food system, Rose Valley, sustainable food systems