Abstract
Phenological phases of grape varieties are dynamic and sensitive to climatic conditions. Knowledge of the relationship between climate factors and main phenological phases of grape varieties is of great importance for viticulture and winemaking. The study presents result of phenological observations of three white wine varieties – Solaris, Muscaris and Hibernal, selected in Germany, characterized by increased resistance to fungal diseases and low winter temperatures. Study was conducted in the period 2024-2025, the vines were grown at the Agricultural university vineyard, located in the Brestnik village. The main goal of the study is to analyze the dynamics of main phenological phases during vine growing season and their relationship with agrometeorological factors. The monitored phases were budding, first leaf appearance, first inflorescence appearance, flowering, berry growth, veraison and the onset of technological ripeness. The duration of each stage and the length of growing season in days were determined. Dynamic indicators used were average air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and soil parameters including soil moisture and soil temperature. Total and active temperature sum for onset of main phases and the entire growing period has been determined. The results obtained could be used for precise determination for suitable terroirs of the studied varieties depending on the specific technological goals.
Keywords: PIWI, phenology, climate change, vegetation, terroir