1. Bacterial spot and bacterial speck of tomato in the Almaty district of Kazakhstan

Disease surveys were conducted in the Almaty district in the south-west of Kazakhstan (2011/2012). On the basis of pathogenic, morphological and cultural traits studies the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv.vesicatoria Doidji was identified as a causal agent for bacterial spot in tomato plants. Another bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Oкabe) was identified as an agent for bacterial speck of tomatoes. During these two consecutive years, the spread of the diseases was closely related to the local climatic conditions and the dry weather decreased their values. Laboratory tests revealed that both pathogens could be fully eradicated from inoculated seeds at a temperature of 70°С under an exposure time of 12 to 24 hours. At the same time, that particular regime did not affect negatively the germination energy and the germination rate of the seeds.