11. Purification of wastewater from oil extraction

Oil (also called oil) is a mixture of gaseous, liquid and solid hydrocarbons of different densities. Its colour is light yellow to black. Oil vapours are easily flammable when mixed with air. By separation and distillation, the oil can be divided into gaseous hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, propane-butane), gasoline, naphtha (gas oil), kerosene, fuel oil, lubricating oils, paraffin, asphalt. Used as a raw material to produce a large number of products. Due to the constant need in the modern world, oil is often called „black gold.“ This paper is a review about the origin and contamination of oilfield produced water, current treatment methods for produced water and perspectives for its utilization.